Explanation of Ohm's Law: Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering and physics that describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit. The law is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, who formulated it in the early 19th century. Ohm's Law is typically expressed as:

V = I * R

Where:

• V represents the voltage across a component or the entire circuit, measured in volts (V).
• I represents the current flowing through the component or the circuit, measured in amperes (A).
• R represents the resistance of the component or the total circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).

The law can also be rearranged to solve for current or resistance:

• I = V / R (to find current)
• R = V / I (to find resistance)

Examples of Ohm's Law:

Example 1: Suppose you have a resistor with a resistance of 100 ohms (R) across which a voltage of 12 volts (V) is applied. Using Ohm's Law, you can calculate the current (I):

I = V / R I = 12 V / 100 Ω I = 0.12 A (or 120 mA)

So, the current through the resistor is 0.12 amperes.

Example 2: Imagine a circuit where a current of 2 amperes (I) flows through a resistor with a resistance of 50 ohms (R). Using Ohm's Law, you can find the voltage (V) across the resistor:

V = I * R V = 2 A * 50 Ω V = 100 V

So, the voltage across the resistor is 100 volts.

Example 3: In a simple LED circuit, a red LED has a forward voltage drop of 1.8 volts (Vf) and requires a current of 20 milliamperes (I). Using Ohm's Law, you can calculate the series resistor's resistance (R) needed to limit the current:

R = (V - Vf) / I R = (5 V - 1.8 V) / 0.02 A R ≈ 160 ohms

You would need a 160-ohm resistor in series to safely drive the LED.

Example 4: Suppose you have a 12-volt battery (V) connected to a simple circuit with a total resistance (R) of 6 ohms. Using Ohm's Law, you can calculate the current (I) in the circuit:

I = V / R I = 12 V / 6 Ω I = 2 A

The current in the circuit is 2 amperes.

Example 5: In a household, a 120-volt (V) electrical outlet is connected to a device with a resistance of 60 ohms (R). Using Ohm's Law, you can determine the current (I) flowing through the device:

I = V / R I = 120 V / 60 Ω I = 2 A

The current drawn by the device is 2 amperes.

These examples illustrate how Ohm's Law can be used to calculate voltage, current, and resistance in various electrical circuits, making it a fundamental tool in electronics and electrical engineering.